News from Home
Sources:
News from Home
Sources:
The following very saddening news has recently reached the VKP’s office.
The team is reporting it in its original Kunama version, translating it into English, adding its own comments and making its appeal to the various Local and International Human Rights Organisations.
Kabara Shimelba Kunama
lajine kambakin:
Adolay olliai Simon Osman koianasi bomba fangke.
Febraio 21, 2007 amela sudala Kottina Dala adikisha Abboi Yemaneda kokidama itala gongki midarmi mikosimala Kotti Osman koiana hedabbu bomba fangki fogang kinolake.
Bomboa Daloassi damade kitokke. Sella fanakoa sababongki Erkukodisukin keji koma ashkaroana kobingki mabusabbu jajenomma kulabbu Daloana dedellena kinolaki Simon Osmanna, Salama Silana, Iriri [Lager] Gaiana kidia kotakemma Kunamellana kibingki ngka kikibessa kotakemme.
Bomboa tugusumoa kobinimme ditta Adolai asamede kosamoa agaroa i kishake.
Bomboa tugusumoa hemuna udabu Etiopia akumata ashkaroai hakittabbu Erkukodisu antatette samarongki Kunama narkaboai jajenong gongke. Hakitta sana nnaula kosimme.
Tama kotikama kabara dedenae Shiraro etiopia mabusa itala kokoske ngke.
Shimelba Kambakin.
Translation:
The news from the Shimelba (Tigray-Ethiopia) Kunama refugee-camp.
Adolay’s (the DMLEK’s chairman) subjects threw a bomb at Kotti Osman in order to kill him.
In the evening of February 21, 2007, while Simon Osman and an elderly Tigrean person, by the name of Abbo Yemane, were conversing in the latter’s house, a bomb was thrown at them in order to kill Simon Osman, but they escaped.
The Tigrian person was slightly hurt by the explosion. The next morning, the soldiers, stirring up trouble and after detaining, torturing the soldier who had defected from Erkukodisu, they released the Tigrean man and the other persons, but they detained Simon Osman, Salama Sila, Iriri (Lager) Gaia and an unnamed Kunama and took them away to an unknown place.
The person who had thrown that bomb was not detained, but the local people did witnessed that he had been sent by Adolay,
Instead of looking for the person who had exploded the bomb, the local Ethiopian police are unexplainably getting together with the DMLEK’s leadership and persecuting the Kunama civilians.
There is no more insjutice than this.
From the Shimelba refugee-camp.
The VKP/KAM team’s Commentary:
The team of the Voice of the Kunama People (VKP: www.baden-kunama.com) is deeply saddened and angered by the continuously attempted unjust and murderous activities, exercised by the DMLEK’s chairman, Mr. Kornelios Adolay Osman and by his deputy, Mr. Tewelde Minase, upon the Kunama people, in their refugee-camps in the Ethiopian State of Tigray. On the other hand, we totally fail to understand why the local Ethiopian police force is listening to the chronic lies of and siding with the corrupted and corrupting DMLEK’s leadership and fully co-operating in indiscriminately detaining and torturing the Kunama individuals.
“Mr. Simon Osman” and the other detained Kunama, “Mr. Salama Sila, Iriri (Lager) Gaia and Abboi Yemane” were the victims and not the actors of that bomb explosion and therefore why were they detained in the first place, instead of being taken care of? It is not the first time that Mr. Simon Osman and other Kunama individuals have been unjustly detained, jailed, tortured and also their huts set on fire and now thrown at bombs, by the DMLEK’s leadership and by their operatives. In 2006, while Mr. Simon Osman was away, his hut was set on fire by Adolay’s soldiers. Similarly, Mrs. Nardos Aron’s hut too, had recently been set on fire by the same people. Mr. Kornelios Adolay Osman and his deputy, Mr. Tewelde Minase are continuously waging hateful persecutions, over and over again, against those same Kunama individuals, they believe to be their opponents, which proves their intent to finally eliminate them. The DMLEK’s two leaders have so far killed more than twelve (12) known Kunama individuals and they are attempting to do so all the time. Besides, they are said to be financially corrupting some members of the Ethiopian local police and some members of the local UNHCR’s staff, thus employing them to co-operate with the evil intentions and operations of the DMLEK’s two top-leaders. The lives of those recently detained Kunama individuals, are now in the hands of the Ethiopian local police and of the DMLEK’s leadership itself and therefore, should they be lost, the two forces would be assuming an equal responsibility. Adolay and Tewelde are warned to curtail their crimes against the Kunama people.
THE VKP/KAM’S APPEAL TO THE ETHIOPIAN GOVERNMENT,
TO THE LOCAL AND TO THE INTERNATIONAL HUMAN RIGHTS ORGANISATIONS:
For the countless times, the VKP/KAM’s team, in the name of its Kunama People at home and abroad, is urgently appealing to the Ethiopian government, to the local governmental authorities in the State of Tigray and to the Local and to the International Human Rights Organisations, to intervene and take the necessary measures to stop the criminal activities of the DMLEK’s leadership and of those of the Ethiopian local policemen, against the Kunama refugees in their Shimelba camps.
Those Kunama refugees are being forced to face the same plights they had hoped to have left behind at home. If their suffering is not to change, we wonder whether they would not be better off being and suffering in their own homeland! Nevertheless, we do trust and hope that the Ethiopian authorities would take decisive steps to bring to an end the evil operations of those criminals, both local as well as foreign ones.
The VKP/KAM: (February 26, 2007).
PS:
The VKP/KAM’s team has been just informed that Mr. Kotti Osman and the other Kunama individual Kunama have been taken to Shiraro town and are in the custody of the Ethiopian police. We are appealing to them to release them immediately.
The VKP/KAM’ team.
The VKP and the KCS/KNT: (July 20, 2006).
The Shabia soldiers killed one Kunama cow-herder, wounded and detained the second one, while the third cow-herder managed to escape and fled to the neighbouring Ethiopian State of Tigray.
As the following three young Kunama cow-herders, Addado Ibbit, Iriri Gaia and Kebelai Selemun Nafe, were attending their cattle, the Shabia soldiers, for unexplained and unexplainable reasons, opened fire upon them, killed one, wounded, detained and took away the second one while the third young man was said to have been lucky enough to have escaped and fled into the Ethiopian State of Tigray. The news on and the whereabouts of the wounded and detained Kunama young cow-herder, are not heard of ever since and known. Presumably their cattle too has been left in disarray and fallen into the hands of those criminal Shabia soldiers. Those soldiers are therefore accused of murder and of cattle-raiding crimes.
The saddest news is that the young cow-herder, who had fled to Tigray, is said to have been detained and kept as a prisoner by non others, but by the very leadership of the Democratic Movement for the Liberation of the Eritrean Kunama (DMLEK), led by Mr. Kornelios Adolay Osman and by his deputy, Mr. Tewelde Minase. This is a very shocking news for every Kunama at home and abroad, as we all know that the Shabia’s regime and its military are and have always been declared enemies of the Kunama people, but why the DMLEK’s leadership too has turned itself into another enemy of the Kunama people is an enigma, puzzling every Kunama.
Very reliable sources however are confirming that Mr. Kornelios Adolay Osman and Mr. Tewelde Minase are struggling on two fronts; that is: though pretending to be leading a Kunama liberation movement, they are confirmed to be holders of the Shabia regime’s Identity-Cards and therefore and therefore they have close connections with the Shabia itself and carrying out the orders of that regime, against the Kunama people.
Those three young Kunama cow-herders are therefore said to have fallen victims of such a co-ordinated criminal activity of the two forces. This clearly explains and proves the reason why that third young Kunama, fled into Tigray, is now finding himself in the prison-cells of Mr. Kornelios Adolay Osman and of his comrade, Mr. Tewelde Minase.
Why should that young Kunama then be taken prisoner, instead of having been received with open arms and comforted?
Other more detailed news, about the criminal activities of the DMLEK’s two top-leaders, are emerging continuously and they will be revealed.
Mr. Kornelios Adolay Osman and Mr. Tewelde Minsare bear the full responsibility of the misfortune of those three Kunama cow-herders as well as of all the calamities befalling those Kunama refugees.
The team of the Voice of the Kunama People (VKP) and the Kunama Civic Society/Kunama Narkaba Tummada (KCS/KNT), are very urgently appealing to the Ethiopian government and to the regional authorities in the State of Tigray, to look into the on-going criminal activities of the DMLEK’s leadership and take the necessary measures to stop its crimes against its own fellow-Kunama people.
The VKP and the KCS/KNT: (July 20, 2006).
Recent News from our Sources:
The VKP: (September 19 2005)
Very recent news reached the VKP’s desk, have confirmed that the leadership of the Democratic Movement for the Liberation of the Eritrean Kunama (DMLEK), under the chairmanship of its long-reigning Mr. Kornelios Adolay Osman, has been raiding the Kunama cattle, since 1998, the year, Mr. Kornelios Adolay Osman and his deputy, Mr. Tewelde Minase, took over the leadership of that Kunama Organisation, after its co-founders and prime leaders, the late Mr. Alexander Matuk Addalla had been cold-bloodedly murdered, by the Shabia sent, Baria/Nara, Abdullahi Khalid Yusuf and the late Mr. Chachu Gebresillasie, kidnapped and made disappear also by the Shabia’s operatives.
Sometime ago, the www.baden-kunama.com, after a long research work, had revealed that Mr. Kornelios Adolay Osman and his comrade Mr. Tewelde Minase, apart from having detained, jailed, tortured and killed a dozen of their own fellow-Kunama individuals, had also deprived the Kunama rural populations, raiding some five-hundred (500) heads of cattle, (confirmed by the chairman himself), some of which were sold out and some others slaughtered, but further, more detailed and reliable sources have now confirmed that the total number of the Kunama heads of cattle, so far raided by the DMLEK’s present leadership has reached and gone even beyond seven or eight thousand (7-8000). These astronomical figures of the raided Kunama cattle, are said to have been very secretly kept by Mr. Kornelios Adolay Osman and his leadership comrades, with the hope of continuing to sell and slaughter them all, but that they are now said to have run out of their bidders and therefore some of the remaining heads of cattle are now said to be still in the hands of the DMLEK’s leadership, but some others are said to have been recuperated by some Kunama, members of another Eritrean opposition organisation, and kept in custody, with the aim of eventually returning them to their own Kunama owners. This is a very courageous move by those fellow-Kunama and we praise them and appreciate their decisive intervention.
Such news are heart-breaking, not only to the rural Kunama, owners of those heads of cattle, to us Kunama abroad, but to the entire Kunama population at home, and it should also be of a great pity and shame to the past and present leadership of the Eritrean Alliance itself, which has been very weak in exercising its authority to check up and control the bad conducts and the evil-activities of such criminal individuals, in order to safeguard and prevent the property of its own population, from being raided by those unscrupulous leaders of its own member-organisations.
Though the www.baden-kunama.com and the team of the Voice of the Kunama People (VKP), have repeatedly been appealing to the past, (ENA’s), and to the present (EDA’s) leadership, to intervene and force, the DMLEK’s present chairman, Mr. Kornelios Adolay Osman and his deputy, Mr. Tewelde Minase, to resign, following the revelation of their homicidal deeds, financial corruption and dictatorial leadership-style, as well as appealed also to other members and supporters of the Eritrean opposition organisations, to carefully and honestly assess and condemn similar evil-conducts and activities of the leaders of their own respective organisations, our appeals have been falling in deaf ears, as no responses have been collective and decisive, although some of their members have individually confirmed that identical criminal activities are being conducted by some leaders and leaderships of the other opposition organisations too.
If www.baden-kunama.com, its team and their fellow-Kunama contributors, keep concentrating in analysing and assessing the conduct of the leadership of their own Kunama organisation, it is not either for pleasure or for other kinds of reasons, but simply to send a clear message and set an example that we Eritreans today cannot afford to make another mistake of creating our own dictators, as we had done with the former EPLF’s leaders, during our struggle years, to have them later enter the independent and democratic Eritrea and turn it into a worse dictatorial state than before, as it is now the case of the PFDJ’s regime, we are presently struggling to get rid of. This is therefore, another appeal and message of this Kunama web-site, of its team and of its contributors, as well as of the entire Kunama people, to the other Eritrean web-sites, to their web-masters, contributors, supporters and to the entire genuinely intentioned Eritreans, to identify and fight against the “to-be dictators and criminals”, already in the opposition camp, in order, for us and for them, to enter Eritrea, as free and democratically minded and mature Eritrean individuals, organisations and even as their leaders.
Let these pieces of news on the numberless “Kunama raided cattle”, by some “gone-astray” Kunama individuals, be of an urgent appeal to the new EDA’s leadership and to its Secretary General, Seid Hussen Kalifa, to take the necessary steps to ensure that the EDA cannot and should not tolerate any leader of its member organisation, incriminated in evil-deeds against their own people and upon their properties.
To you, Mr. Kornelios Adolay Osman, to you, Mr. Tewelde Minase and to you all their cadres and blindly supporting and following fellow-Kunama, do please remembers that you have become not the liberators of your fellow-Kunama people, but the raiders of their cattle, the killers of their sons and daughters and the destroyers of the Kunama just cause and hope. You are not struggling and you have never been struggling and fighting for the liberation of the Kunama people, but for their slavery and for your own personal and group’s interests. Do please, reflect and stop persecuting those Kunama farmers and return those raided heads of cattle to their own Kunama the owners. You are and you will be obliged to compensate for them. You are amassing, upon yourself, crimes upon crimes. The voices of those fellow-Kunama you have so far killed are crying out vengeance upon you and justice is and will be expecting you.
Many of those fellow-Kunama combatants as well those who used to support the DMLEK and its leadership have now understood the sinister aims of its present leadership and have retreated and are retreating themselves. They are surely disillusioned and discouraged, but yet, they have not lost faith that they will eventually succeed in liberating the Kunama people, from all their enemies, be their foreign or home made.
The principles of Mr. Kornelios Adolay Osman which have always been that, whoever Kunama that does not accept him and his dictatorial and criminal system, is against the DMLEK, against the Kunama liberation struggle and is the enemy of the Kunama people, have today come out very clearly that they were to destroy our Kunama rural population, by depriving it of one of its basic means of subsistence, its live-stock.
The www.baden-kunama.com, its team, the leadership, the members and the supporters of the Kunama Civic Society/Kunama Narkaba Tummada (KCS/KNT), are deeply saddened by such evil activities and injustices committed against their own Kunama people and therefore they are appealing to every fellow-Kunama and to every fellow-Eritrean to openly condemn them. Let us all fight such evil-deeds, being committed against our people, by such criminal leaders.
The VKP: (September 19, 2005).
KABARA/NEWS: (September 2005)
(By home sources)
„Adolay kadre Kunama lajina Shemelba kambala gong gommesi tagama anda kisho gongke“ (Adolay’s cadres are giving a lot of problems, to the Kunama living in Shemelba’s refugee camp)
Adolay’s following cadres,
1.- Amaniel Daniel,
2.- Noah Abraha,
3.- Denadai Pietro (Guri),
4.- Tekke and
5.- Sale, are reported to be giving very hard times, to the Kunama refugees, living in Shmelba, in the Ethiopan northern State of Tigray.
Mr. Kornelios Adolay Osman, the present chairman of the Democratic Movement for the Liberation of the Eritrean Kunama (DMLEK), is said to have created a lot of divisions among the Kunama refugees as well as among the Kunama combatants, through the oppressive, terrorising and criminal activities of his cadres.
The following are the cadres known to be conducting a reign of terror also among their own fellow-Kunama combatants, in their military camps:
1.- Andu Manna,
2.- Dagu Andal and
3.- Noah Abraha.
The Kunama youth in the refugee camps, are said to have been divided into two opponent groups and named after the two London’s strongest and rival soccer-teams, Chelsea, (Adolay’s supporters) and Arsenal, (the neutral Kunama and those opposing Adolay’s dictatorship).
The chairman has thus managed to create division and hatred among those Kunama young people and the evil-intentionally conducted operations of his cadres, are said to be greatly damaging the Kunama unity, not only among those two groups in their refugee and military camps, but also among the Kunama people elsewhere.
Mr. Kornelios Adolay Osman, his deputy, Mr. Tewelde Minase and their cadres, are said to be fighting and struggling, not for the liberation of the Kunama people anymore, but for the destruction of their unity, thus trying to secure only the existence and the continuation of their leadership forces and of their means of survival. The main cause of the Kunama struggle has thus been totally derailed and sidelined, with the DMLEK’s leadership only and excessively engaged in identifying its own alleged enemies, within the Kunama people, detaining, jailing, torturing and killing them.
Among the worst activities said to being carried out by Mr. Kornelios Adolay Osman’s cadres, under his direct instruction, are their continuous meddling in the registration and resettlement programs, being processed by the UNHCR’s staff, made up mainly of the local Ethiopian Tigrians, with whom the DMLEK’s chairman, his deputy and their cadres are said to be having very close working relations. The major problems facing those Kunama refugees, who have already registered, are registering or wishing to register themselves, to be resettled in third countries, are said to have been initially caused by the direct intervention of Mr. Jeremia Gogne, (Mr. Kornelios Adolay Osman’s uncle), who in the past was in charge of the Kunama refugees and being against those resettlement programs, was said to have torn off many registration-forms which had been filled up, by those Kunama refugees and handed over to the UNHCR’s staff.
Many of the delays, in processing those cases, are said to have been caused by the direct, continuous and obstructing interventions of the DMLEK’s leadership and of their cadres. Mr. Jeremia Gogne himself, together with his two sons, had asked and has today been accepted and is unscrupulously living, as a refugee, in Denmark.
Talking about the delays, in the “resettlement programs in Shemelba refugee campt”, the UN’s Secretary General, Mr. Kofi Anan, in his “Report to the Security Council, on August 30, 2005” stated: “UNMEE visited Shimelba refugee camp in northern Ethiopia which hosted 9,327 refugees as of July 2005. Although much remains to be done, international agencies have made commendable efforts in responding to the needs of the refugees for food, water, sanitation, health and education. Furthermore, I welcome the ongoing resettlement programmes. I have noted however that most refugees consider the resettlement process too slow”.
Surely, the UN’s Secretary General has not been informed of the main reasons and causes for the delay of those “resettlement programmes”, but the DMLEK’s leadership, chaired by Mr. Kornelios Adolay Osman, headed by his deputy, Mr. Tewelde Minase and their cadres, both those operating in the refugee camps, as well as those “conducting a reign of terror”, among their own fellow-combatants, should know and be aware that they are the major “stumbling-block” to those UNHCR’s “resettlement programmes”, to alleviate the plights of those Kunama refugees. Should therefore, such delays still continue, the Kunama Civic Society/Kunama Narkaba Tummada (KCS/KNT), the www.baden-kunama.com and its VKP’s team will be directly appealing to the UN’s Secretary General himself and draw the true picture of the state of the Kunama refugees in the Shemelba’s camp and of the obstructing activities of the DMLEK’s leadership, with the co-operation of some of the UNHCR’s staff members. Let therefore, the DMLEK’s leadership and those UNHCR’s staff-members concerned, be warned.
The VKP: (September 17, 2005).
Adolay’s Prison-Camps:
News (May 2005.).
The www.baden-kunama.com has been provided with detailed news on the location, on the shapes and on the qualities of the prison-camps and of the underground prison-cells, planned, dug out and maintained by the DMLEK’s present chairman, Mr. Kornelios Adolay Osman.
The Kunama web-site has also been provided with the pictures (photos) of all and of each one of the graves of the fellow-Kunama Mr. Kornelios Adolay Osman had ordered to be cruelly murdered and buried in a remote area (mount Gamalo), in the Ethiopian State of Tigray.
Dear visitors of the www.baden-kunama.com, please log in its “Gallery”, to have a look at the localities where the graves of those Kunama individuals lie. More details will follow in the coming days.
For the time-being the VKP would only like to send its heartfelt thanks to those people who had the courage and the bravery to localise the whereabouts of those prison-camps, of the underground prison-cells and provided it with the pictures of the graves of those brave fellow-Kunama of ours who had to sacrifice their own lives, for simply opposing the belligerent and arrogant character and the dictatorial leadership-style of Mr. Kornelios Adolay Osman Aggar. Their silent voices are calling for justice. The DMLEK’s present chairman, Mr. Kornelios Adolay Osman Aggar, his deputy, Mr. Tewelde Minase and their committee-members are and will be therefore held responsible for their very unwise decision and atrocious acts of murder on the lives of those prominent Kunama.
Shortly, the VKP’s team will be presenting a more extensively developed article, providing more detailed pieces of information on the quantities of those prison-camps, on the qualities of those underground prison-cells and on the places and on the manner the graves of those brave Kunama have been thrown and abandoned in a foreign land and in a remote area, as if the Kunama people, according to their own tradition, would not have their proper burial places, usually in the land and in the cemeteries of their own Kunama ancestors. Mr. Kornelios Adolay Osman and those fellow-Kunama who had supported and approved of his murderous activities, should reflect how much damage they have done to their own Kunama ethnicity and to its century-old traditional values in honouring the rests and the resting places of its own deceased ethnic-group’s members. “Gamalo”, the mountain where the graves of those Kunama martyrs lie, has become, for their own families and for the entire Kunama community, not only a sad place to remember, but also a name Mr. Kornelios Adolay Osman himself had once used as a pen-name in one of his many articles written in the Kunama language. Was he identifying himself with the name of that mountain, become our own nightmare?
The memories of the name of that mountain will always be associated with that of Mr. Kornelios Adolay Osman and of his atrocious murders which will be lingering in the minds of our Kunama people, for years to come.
The VKP: (May 17, 2005)
News from Home:
(May 2005)
In a previous piece of news, the VKP had stated that the present chairman of the Democratic Movement for the Liberation of the Eritrean Kunama (DMLEK); Mr. Kornelios Adolay Osman had ordered and told the Kunama cattle owners, in the refugees camps, either to pay taxation for grazing their cattle or else take their cattle and re-enter Eritrea.
Those Kunama were reported to have retorted that the organisation which they were supporting was not the personal property of Mr. Kornelios Adolay Osman, but the organisation of the Kunama people.
The recent news confirm that the DMLEK’s chairman had detained the Kunama cattle owners together with their cattle.
Moved by the sufferings of those persecuted Kunama, the forces of another Eritrean opposition organisation were said to have intervened and freed those poor Kunama refugees.
From Home sources: (May 2005).
The VKP’s Notes:
This very sad news has deeply hurt, angered and worried the VKP’s team as well as many other Kunama. How is it to explain that the chairman of an organisation, founded to struggle for the liberation of the Kunama people, for the recognition and protection of their ethnic, cultural and territorial rights, has turned into the enemy of his own fellow-Kunama and persecuting them? Many Kunama, those abroad and in the refugees camps as well as at home, have not yet recovered from the shock that the same present chairman of the DMLEK, Mr. Kornelios Adolay Osman, has already, openly and cold-bloodedly massacred five prominent Kunama individuals and even more fellow-Kunama, secretly. There is also some founded suspicion that the chairman is still continuing with his detention, torture and killing activities of many Kunama individuals.
The VKP’s team has been revealing, proving and stating that the DMLEK’s present chairman, Mr. Kornelios Adolay Osman and his deputy, Mr. Tewelde Minase, have never been motivated by the just cause of the Kunama people, but only by their own personal, political and financially very lucrative system of leading that Kunama organisation.
Further news, more substantially proving such facts, provided by eye-witnesses, will be posted in this web-site in the coming times.
For now, the www.baden-kunama.com, its team and many other fellow-Kunama are urgently appealing to the Ethiopian government, to the regional authorities in the Ethiopian State of Tigray and to the leadership of the Eritrean Democratic Alliance (EDA), to intervene and stop the chairman, Mr. Kornelios Adolay Osman, from abusing his leadership authority to continuously persecute those Kunama already suffering in their refugee-camps, as their plights are being worsened by their own kind. Their refugee-camps are said to being controlled by the chairman’s cadres. The local UNHCR is therefore requested to see into such abuses.
In the name of its entire Kunama people, the VKP’s team very cordially thanks, the forces of that Eritrean opposition organisation which had intervened to liberate those Kunama cattle owners from their detention.
The VKP: (May 9, 2005)
A VERY ALARMING NEWS:
The VKP team has been informed that, following the revelation of the murder of four Kunama persons, the present leadership of the DMLEK, is using very evil means to kill many other Kunama individuals, settled in the Waala-Nihibi’s refugee-camps, in the Ethiopian State of Tigray.
Reliable sources report that, letter-bombs and poison in potable water are said to be the methods being used, by Mr. Kornelios Adolay and his faithful supporters, to eliminate those Kunama individuals, opposing his leadership style.
The VKP’s team is therefore appealing to the Ethiopian national and local authorities to see that the Kunama refugees, under their care, are not being mistreated and hurt by their own kinds, nurturing sinister aims.
The team is also warning Mr. Kornelios Adolay Osman and the executioners of his orders that, they will be held responsible, for any Kunama refugee suffering from such evil tactics.
The VKP ( January 20, 2004 ).